Maximilian



M; M. Goulaine. 5m-:larpy Tnmsfonmzn. Hummm" msn mur x. 1915.

Panted May `13, 1919;

z :voulu urns muammnm, inumana. n c.

lm uugnrnmNA 1yr. GQLQBERG, QF, pumps, omo. `g

w SgEgnmgANsnonmnn.

Spteccatllon of Letterrs Patent.

Pat-exited Many 1.3i, 191,9.

BERG, l uniti-zen' @mii the; United States; mesidng; at dVost FoulrthfsitleemDaytoni. lrL-the plrmmmanta in Speed-Tramformersg ofwhch I dolalethis folilowfing tno-bo` a full, clem?, u n di oxact description Thifs nvention-i-elates 4to al speed tliainsformer comprising, 2L nobzutable arma'tme, a. bodily rota-Mhlemagnetic .elsdt and speed l'ogulatmg means.

proiii-matoly' Loonsbant- 'speed diameteristiosy willi dehwe powey hfke a: motor'fof Varying. i

spoed characteristics.. 4

Another obgisaotmof 4 this invention is to Constr'uot mounsso;-tliat'tiliefresistance of the mvmabmfe odI npx-ifsng` one member Aof the speed transformer is as i small as, possible ,and

that tl'iolvolzvtyspeed botm'feesn the armature ,andythe nmgznetio fiel-d Comprising the other :member of. the speodtimnsomner isy as sma1l=as-pos|ble so as to obtain a oondition Similar-to that of alll induction moton near its synolmnonouo speed.

A still-z funthfmvorlojoot` of this invention is to pmmdf means i fw'how/byy their4 direction -oi rotation. othddaiiren memberlmay bef re vo'nsed-iqw'mthout stoppin "for changing 'the sp'oedI--oiithoadowiei emp Qyed; to operato the transfonnarg: thai-sumo means `being -wdaipted lt. .isfstillia a -mthery off the' invenvtiwgs Qtconatrgqtoni comlb'nmtioniof' prints, times f fcimoiiembodlimntmafffwdh-sfheminafter .i described with unieron@ 'tofffthef drawings Whlioh'4 accompany and form part of" this speciioution.

@f 'smid drawings:

Figure,A L iS- a top plan 'View ofstheI` present 65 invention, the spoed.' t-rmsformvei" baringl shown in honizomtaiiseetibn.

FigfQ isla Sectional View taken on the line- B-B of, Fig'. l.

Eig. 3 is4 a. sectional View twken on'the line 60 A-A of? Fig. l.

Fig. 4 is a detail Sectional View showinV the. clutch adapted to connect the eld an theI armature Atogpther when the fe-d'f' tends to rotate at a ,greamr speed .than .the immatune.

Fig, 5 ism-detail 'vewoz .the bmx-kdadaptedl to I bemgsed" 'to demeafse 'the 'speeds of; the memben or freveirsef'- its direction? ofi notmton.

I'n :or-,devi @that theiconstmzctiomaxid opera@ 70 tom ,ofi they mechanism -,coxtip-nsin i they paresentdinwentionmuly'bo fbtitrifun -vstqodrfta genorafl statemont i concerningthe; principleY uponl Mfhiiahzthis mechanism, isasbwsedzthe results to be attained wllrbeiblelyfdesniedf before w detailed desoription' off-the mechanism is-1-givon. f

' l its synchrdnous armature, which is preferably of the squirrel cage type, is connected to Jbe driven by a con stunt speed motor independently of the field so longfasno current is lsupplied to the field coils. llt? is lbbvious, ofcourse," that instead of connecting the4 constant speed motorI so that the armature is driven thereb inde pendently of the field, the field may e con nected so that it is .driven independently of the Iarmature. It also can be readily seen that a permanent magnet may be used instead of' 'an electro-magnet. In this latter case, however, the armature circuit will have to be adapted to be opened and closed at will.

As long as no currentis supplied to the field there will, of course, be no current flow in the armature conductors, and no drag ex- Certed between the armature and the field.

Under such conditions the constant speed motor may run at all times without having any effect whatever on the load. l/Vhen it is desired to have the load move, it is only necessary to close the circuit to send current through the field coils and there are present condi-tions similar to those of an induction motor, e. when the primary of the induction motor is supplied with po-lyphase alternating currents the rot-or begins to rotate.

If the. constant speed motor is connected directly to one of. therotating members, .for example, the armature, the-relativev spee'd`v between the two members would be very great and high resistance losses .willoccur in the Aarmature circuits, e. "only a 'small part of the power would be transmitted from lthe armature to thexfieldin mechanical form, the difference being'lost vin the form of heat in. the armature circuits- In l'lie present invention a system of planetary gearing is interposed between the constant speed motor, the armature and the magnetic field, so that the resistance of the armature and the relative speed between the armature and thefieldismade. as small as possible and therefore the heat losses will be a neglible lquantity. yThis .relative speed between Vthe .armature and fthe eld remains r small,` no: matter howlarge the'relative speed between. the constant speed motor and the driven powers-receiver. vInother 'word-s, while the range ofspeedof the .power receiving shaft'isf'rom standstill to its maximumspeed, the relative speed between the armature v'and Vfield.varies .only from' a small quantity` to ,ze/roof ,#Whilethe `speed of the load? increases very rapidly the relative speed between the armature and the fieldf decreases but :veryzlittle and graduallyuntil it 'becomes'zero;4 atv the synchronous speed of the system to be'deinedlfierein'after.` In this way a characteristicflisobtained similar to the: characteristic yof anr'induotion motor near Whole-rangeof speed.

Having described in general the construcspeed, butiextended over the'V tion of the present invention, the principle upon which 1t o erates, and the objects to be accomplished, the specific means shown in the present illustrative form of embodiment for accomplishing these objects will now be described in detail.

A constant, or approximately constant speed motor 10 (Fig. 1) is constructed to rotate a shaft 9, upon which are rigidly mounted two gears 11 and 12. The gear 12 meshes with a gear 14 and the gear 11 meshes with a gear 13. The gear 14 is loosely mounted upon a shaft 15 which is the shaft connected to the load and adapted to be driven at a varyin speed. The disk 13 is loose on a hub 20 o a disk 211. Jour naled at their ends in the ears 13 and 14 are two shafts 16, each of w ich has rigidly i mounted thereon two gears 18 and a gear 17. The gears 17 mesh with a gear 24 fast on the shaft 15 and the gears 18 mesh with corresponding gears 19, one of which is rigidly mounted on the hub 20 of the end disk 211 and the other on the hub of the other disk 200 of a squirrel cage armature 22 which is mounted to rotate on the shaft 15. The armature 22 may be of any well known type or construction, the squirrel cage armature comprising the end disks 200 and 211 and the conducting Jbars 23, being pre- 4 ferred. It is clear that it is only necessary to employ but one of the gears 11 and 12, and but one gear 17 and one gear 18 the the multiplicity and arrangement of these gears shown in the'drawings being provided to strengthen the construction and lessen the strain on the various parts.

Rigidly mounted on the shaft 15 and within the armature 22 is the field comprising a core 25 with field windings 27 The field may be ofl any other type or form, the construction shown being for illustrative purposes only. The field windings are conf nectedto slip rings 28 fast onthe shaft 15. Current is supplied to the eld windings by a small direct current generator 30, driven by the shaft 9. The current is supplied through the commutator 31 of the generator 30 and the wires 32 and brushes 33, the latter beingl in engagement with the slip rings 28. Of course, current may bel snp-plied to the field windings from another source, such as a battery, if desired. ...The circuit through the field coils is closed by a switch 45.

From the v'above description, it can be seen that .when the shaft 15 is held stationary, movement of the gears 13 and 14 will cause the shafts 16 to revolveandat the same time rotate, because of the meshing of the gears 17 fast .on the shafts 16 with the gear 24 fast on the shaft 15. Due to the fact that the gears 1 7 vand 18 are of different radii the armature will rotate and the speed of this 5.5. motor 'inw el' Vending membri. 15,.

when@ Ysepeen the S1 @metil-lung; "1c f.' #www Q radii of tlie disksll ,a lqdl) an'f respee? tively, and X represent the speed of the armature when the field is stetwnary, then By making M very near 1, X can be made szsmellee-dieeal- AS soon asthe shaft 15 beglns to rotate'. will@ www@ Oil, the Y, @heaped of the Then the. relative speed blween the armature and eldmey be expressed by the equaabvl e' uatins are, ofourse,` indpndent i of wlt er the speed of' thefflri'ving motor is constant or not. 'In friet', variable or si varying speed motor be usedif desired,

In ease/of `e varieble `speeds;Iznotor the system lwill have more than one'synehronous Speed.

AS has. been neafr .one the` rel power delivered to? 'the S in .Sweeter I 0 by mea-mini; the. r ostetlysliewf jee-ifi the currents-11p' isv possible, however,

terquetmnsmibwd. threugb the trnsfernwv mevhe modified.. @le desired,

As ompafmd with a1 seules motor this Mmmm luiel greet advantages in that ne external means, le required.; for negulagtion, A s. is wellknown the current. teken by a.

series motor would be .prohihitivel lgrge lieebly if the line voltage would be enplled. toI the motor w .en the latter is alt afstandsull. It. is 01? ih sweson www-te .a large reeistence in the armati@ @www and thenwhlile themotor inerenases,y itsfsmd graduale reduce this nesetenee-i Srheuld the load; einem a Sense-1mm running; abnormal Speeflbe Suddenly threw-1 Oil suelay a meter Wouldgv't views unless reietene beinserted in the armaturecrcuit In the present invention the adjustment dependent upon the speed and the loud. takes placeA autoinnticelly and without any external means. Vlitll iuereasing laldthe. speed of the driven sheflt. 15, decreases. and with decreasing leed the speed, of this. Shaft inA creases,.but the speed of the shait can. never bei-greater than, that of the @onstant sneed motorunlese .it beeonies a driving member.

It; Vis,l of. cour-se, understood that l1t is immategial whe-ther the armature is of the alternating cunlrerrt type `or direc-t eurnent '0351965 l le is.. believed that, the present inventor sjlghejlietg-in! the ent to prox-ride meensi for automatically adjusting.; th Ielgttive speed between the.l ermiture and. the ,`1el il. so.4 that while .thespeed ofthe driven Apower receiver bag ebig-rengg@ e. fnoln standstillto maximumy speedy, theirelative speed between the armature andi the. field velues but little and is almere Smells @f course, normally the speed of the driven member, that is, the shaft 15, will. belsethellithalv @i theeonstenlz Speed motor Sie@ lfhefenevetomofwthe Speedwens-fermer depends-,11. .on the dreef ltweeriy the man4-` @www t .wielen-end hrenwbene 1i.; their @lewe-Seeed.- .1s equal in. Ze 1f 0-. ,is

mw lirthefseme ae the. enmetue-fendf. @w11 :beeeme the dm1eg;fmmbr Wllieh 1s .theaaeewbeu the leedl isr @inaction 10mi, thalris, whethe devise-.ie empleyed to drive a vehicle. Sueli a, condition would exist when the vehicle'is going down grade, nefextemalnewer beine. then nec/essaim .tio dmgvefit. as it ,is thenbemg :duinen bygravity- Fr--f Sven w. wnd it1pn-mean-sfa1n Pmededy ltmd; thedslelk wogethese that the disk This clutch in thef lustmtive form shown includes a disk 40j. (|1 i g. 1 and 4) fast on the shaft 15. The dis'l 40 has cutaway portionefll .nWlE- ph are Seatedgmllers.. $2 adept-- edm@ "nerwwith th.' inner i@ efrpll frir i., a @winderige 4g, Qn the drlvingl'dlgkir,

Spring plungers 4'51 are seated in the disk 40 and copera-te with the rollers 42. These plungers tend to force the rollers 42 away from the nearly radial sides of the cutaway portions 41 so that the rollers 42 are retained in engagement with the inner periphery of the iange 43.

From this description it can be seen that when the driving disk 14 is rotated alt a greater speed than the disk 40 and therefore of lthe shaft 15, the rotation of the disk 40 tends to move the rollers 42 toward the nearly radial edges of the cutaway portions 41 so that the rollers do not frictionally connect the disk 40 and the disk 14. vWh'en, however, the reverse condition' is present, that is, when the shaft 15 and disk 4 0 are rotated at a greater speed than the disk 14, the rollers frictionally couple the disks 14 and 40 together so that the shaft 15 and the disk 14 are operated at the same speed.

The advantage of this automatic clutch becomes apparent when the constant or approximately constant speed motor 10 is an induction motor. As is well known from its characteristics an induction motor becomes an induction generator when operated, at a speed greater that its synchronous speed. Power is then delivered back to the line. With .this automatic clutch such result is obtained Without any act on the part of the motorman in cases where the device is enr' ployed to drive electric cars.

In order to reverse'the direction of rotati'on ofthe shaft 15 without reversing the constant speed motor, it is onlyv necessary to apply a brake to thearma'ture. This brake may be of any desired construction, the one shown in the drawings being used for illustration. This brake comprises a disk 50 fast on the hub 20 of the disk 211 of the armature. A metal ribbonl is mounted'in a groove 52 ofthe disk 50, one: end' of the; rib

on being connected to the stud' 5,3 cons stitutin'g a ulcrum fora lever 54. Theopposite:v end of the ribbonv is'connected to the ievermatce. f

It has'been Seen that whenyjthe switch '45 is not closed andthe constant speed motor 10 is operated the armature yis driven 'at a certainv speed expressed by the' equation X:V(1-M) If, however,the amature instead of the field is held stationary while the switch is' speed ofthyis rotation be u-M) V 1 .Whenthe switch is opened-andthe brake applied to the armature, it is obviou's'that when M is made smaller'than one the armaturey and4 the 'driven shaft begin to slow down' until the speedof the armature has become again V(l-M'). y when the driven member orthe field will come to a standstill. By continued application of the brake the speed ofthe armature will be further decreased and the field rotated in the reverse direction until the latter reaches its maximum speed of y (I M) V M when the armature will have' come toa standstill.

It is understood of course, that the provision of a brake to eii'ect this result is of particular advantage in motor cars, the lever 54 being adapted to be operated through any desired means by the operator.

While the form of mechanism herein shown and described, is admirably adapted to fuliil the objects primarily stated, it is to be understood that it is not intended to confine the invention to `the one form of embodiment in variousforms, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What iS claimed is:

1. The combination with a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field, adapted to drag each other due to currents4 induced in v.the amature, of :a gearwheel fast to the, magnetic `field, a gear wheel fast to the armature, a device rotated at a constant speed and two gear wheels carried by said device and meshing with the gear wheels fast to the armature and the field, the i-ntemieshing gears being of suoli ratio as to automatically maintain the relative speed between the armature and the field alava ls less than that between the iield and the "evioe' except when bothl relative' speeds become zero. l v I ;2. The combination with arot'atable 1armi'tll'ffand a bodily'rotataible ield adaptedv to diag'each other due-to currents induced in the armaturaof a rotated'at a constant speed, a shaft carried b'y `said inember, two gears fast lon said shaft, a gear fast to the armature meshing with one of r said gears on-the shaft, a gearV fast to the field meshing with the other gear on the sha-ft the ratio of said gears being such that the relativel speedbetweenxthe' armature and the field is always leSS than that between the field and the member except when both relatives eeds become zero. t

3. i iielcombinationwith a, lrotatable armature and a rotatable field. adapted to drag each vother due tol currents induced in the armature, of a memberrotated at a constant speed, 'a shaft carried by saidmember, two gearsfast on said shaft, a fast to the armature meshing with one of said i ethergaat?tarieetaii.avalm tare s .allegata sib-ana magali 1li-fliet ef @fr ests: vf leans 0r aut@- existeri wird 1,30

f e armaacca y afiliarse@ armate aliased an.seagreen@ testa at@ i: Ae-

ygrfsecoiiditioh Fas to the speed of vthe two i in@ @edita are thea? .vit fa faisable al? .a a mail; a eilt-.fre tefiblafnagaaa fia-a ,radio tra ach etiiaiaaetaaarrent with" :e ngatrm .the l y: Iss aa Saa @f ffeieitaah entame-til' alla .aP i egalitar- ,Iaatilraandeaaiae eat 'al atend- 11igifieV 'condltion vas ,to the speedl'of theJ two eiii'sfts. d, ,M n Wy.; A 6a nia a xt renaar yarftlollaf im taai fotgiait artaaiie alia lh ijy rol; tata y magnetic e; d V ft oY rag eac dei in@ is u1-iena it diga ia the armature, the sneed .fait .one binainvtmally less than the speed of the other, means for; ahnte?.` matically controlling in accord to the load the change in the relative speed between the armature and the field, and means for automatically coupling said armature and said field together when the one normally rotated at less speed than the other tends to rotate at a greater speed than the other.

7. In a device of the class described, the combination with a bodily rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable electro-magnetic field, adapted to drag each other due to currents induced in the armature the rotation of the armature being'normally greater than that of the field, of means for automatically controlling the change in the relative speed between said `-feld and armature in accord ance with the load when the field is energized, a device for couplingl said field and arma-ture together when the speed of'the field becomes greater than that of the armae combinationmith a constant Aspeed of a. ispeedtransfformler comprising a "Pietel".

' le armature and a bodily rotatable ,field @fliet/.Which is related dilate 0.111'- rents indiiced'inthearinature, adevice operated 4 Lthe constant yspeedhinter,fa, system @een 'gel-ea leased said 4evice anc tli'e armature andffield, for .automatically u controllingY inl l accordance Ito lilla Jemig@ if@ tive i Silrvbfwen. the a1- Ima lli@ .-liel, landgso,constructed that the rs1.. iv@ Speed have@ ai@ armati-1re and the ad? is, always iesihaa that hawaiian `(me, r ted due to currents inducedintheamnm 0.v` Tliecombinatlon with a rotatable armature z,- and; a .bedilitA ,rabattable .magnetic field, adapted to drag each other due to currents induced in the armature, of a gear Wheel fast to the magnetic field, a gear wheel fast to the armature, la rotating device, and two gear wheels carried by said device and meshlng with the gear wheels fast to the armature and' the field, the intermeshing gears being of such ratio as to automatically maintain the relative speed between the armature and the field always less than that between the ield and the device except when both relative speeds become zero.

11. In a speed transformer the combination with a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field adapted to drag each other due to currents induced in the armature, of a driven 'member connected to the field, driving mechanism, a device connected to said driving mechanism, means for automatically maintaining the relative speed between the armature and fie-ld always smaller than the relative speed between the field and said device except when both relative speeds become zero, and means for automatically coupling said armature and said field together when the field tends to run faster than the armature.

12. The combination of two members, that is, a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field adapted to drag mit other due to currents induced in the armature, a gear wheel fast vto eachmember,

a rotateddevice, two gear wheels carried.y by *said device and meshing with vsaidl vgear wheels fast to said members, the intermeshing gears being of sueh'ratio as to 'antomatioally maintain the relative speed between said two members always" less than that between one of said members and the other'dne'to currents in y v ture, a driven-element 'oonnected'to one of lsaid members, a gear wheel fast to each device except when -both relative speeds become zero.

13. The combination of twomembers, that is,'a"rotatable armature Aand a bodilyrotatable magneticl eld adafted `to drag each iiced in the armamember, a rotated device, two 'gear wheels "carried by said'device and meshing with rati'o'ofsaid'vgears being sneh hthat the relasaid ldevice andthe memberconnected to the l said gear wheels Vfast to said members, the

tive' vspeed between fsaid two membersl is always maintained :lessV than that between driven device while both relative speeds are bein reducedV according to the decreasezof oth relative y.speeds gable, magntifsasljd adaptd 'to dra-g each' other `(inejtfc l'irrents in uced in the' armature, Vone' of said members beingnormally V4rotated Vfaster .than the other one, a gear 'cajas'. of tnupgtevne any1 o bmneaffor wheel fast to eacl1 1ne1nber,.a rotated device, two gear wheels earrled by said device and meshing with Isaid gear wheels fast to said members, the intermeshing gears being of such ratio as to automatically maintain the rela-tive speed' between lsaid two members always less than that between one yof said vmembers 'and' the'device'except when b oth relative speeds beeonie zero," and'means for automatlcally eonnectrnglsald two members a lower speeds tends to' rotate' faster than the 5 other member.

15. The combination of two members, that together-when 'theone normally rotated at is, a rotatable armature and al bodily rota# ture, a gear wheel fastv to each member, a rota-ted device, two gear wheels carrled by .table magnetic lfieldI ada ted. bedrag each other due to currents' 1n`l` need 'the' armasaid device and meshing with said gear device ercfcpty whenI bothv relative vspeeds be-` come zero, and means., foi-"redeing the `speed of g one "member "whereby" said gears canse the other member yto reverse its dire`ction of rotation.

In testimony'whereof'l aiX my signaturev MAXIMLIANM [GoLDBERe ive cents each, by addresing'the Commisoner of Patents. Washington; D. 0. 

